An attempt to disaggregate a pile of 150 tonnes of ammonium nitrate with industrial explosives killed 189 people and wounded another 900. Videos from Beirut showed smoke billowing from a fire, and then a mushroom cloud following the blast. Ammonium nitrate is made all over the world and is relatively cheap to buy. Aluminum sulfate has also been used as a drying additive for ammonium nitrate. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108]. The explosion claimed 22 lives, with a further 56 wounded. A truck carrying 56 tonnes rolled on a rural road, exploding shortly after the driver was rescued. This makes it more dangerous because if a fire reaches it, the chemical reaction will be much more intense. The explosion claimed 22 lives, with a further 56 wounded. In 1921, about 4,500 tonnes of ammonium nitrate caused an explosion at a plant in Oppau, Germany, killing more than 500 people The deadliest industrial accident in … Aluminium nitrate is a strong oxidizing agent. destroyed a federal building and killed 168 people. [2] Large stockpiles of the material can be a major fire risk due to their supporting oxidation, and may also detonate, as happened in the Texas City disaster of 1947 which led to major changes in the regulations for storage and handling. ANE is an emulsion of ammonium nitrate, fuel and water. Uses. ", "Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant 21 September 1921", French Ministry of Environment, Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant (at this time BASF was occupied by French authorities, Explosions Following A Fire: Major Catastrophies, "En 1947, le nitrate d'ammonium impliqué dans une explosion meurtrière au port de Brest", Miscellaneous Shipwrecks of the Red Sea Not Found in Egyptian Waters, Some Major Hazards in Government-Sponsored Activities, "Typpi räjähti lähtemättömästi oululaisten mieliin", EPA Chemical Accident Investigation Report Terra Industries, Inc., Nitrogen Fertilizer Facility, Port Neal, Iowa, "Fire inside a barn and explosion of fertiliser 2 October 2003 Saint Romain-en-Jarez (Loire) France", "Un camión lleno de nitrato estalla tras un choque y causa dos muertos en Castelló", "Small-scale experiments of self-sustaining decomposition of NPK fertilizer and application to events aboard the Ostedijk in 2007", "Internal report into the mexican explosion data", "Evacuation Lifted, Fire at Texas Chemical Plant Under Control", "El Dorado Chemical Company goes up in smoke! This is a well-known hazard with some types of NPK fertilizers and is responsible for the loss of several cargo ships. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines [1966] 79 p. The Summers Fertilizer Company plant suffered a fire, causing 400 tons of stored ammonium nitrate to be consumed by fire. Ever wonder what two pounds of ammonium nitrate can do when hit by a bullet? 1.4) Very insensitive substances with mass explosion hazard (Div. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}Nearly 3,000 tonnes of ammonium nitrate - taken from a ship off the coast of Beirut six years ago and then stored in a warehouse - has been blamed for the explosion that ripped through the port area of the Lebanese capital on Tuesday. Its biggest use is as a source of nitrogen for fertiliser, but it is also used to create explosives for mining. Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + 3 Ba(NO 3) 2 → 2 Al(NO 3) 3 + 3 BaSO 4. In case of methanol, the soluble indicator is 14.45 g/100mL. Ammonium nitrate: What is the chemical blamed for Beirut explosion, and how could it produce such a powerful blast? "You won't just find ammonium nitrate in the ground," explains Andrea Sella, professor of chemistry at University College London. 9H 2 O and the molar mass is 375.13 g mol-1.Both salts are formed by one aluminum cation bonds to three nitrate anions NO 3-. Ammonium nitrate is a crystal-like white solid which is made in large industrial quantities. This damn thing seriously hurt my ears and i felt a huge shockwave on my chest haha it was insane! In 1921, about 4,500 tonnes of ammonium nitrate caused an explosion at a plant in Oppau, Germany, killing more than 500 people, The deadliest industrial accident in US history occurred in 1947 at Galveston Bay, Texas. Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH 4 NO 3.It is a white crystalline solid consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate.It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates.It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. The US president-elect says the nationwide vaccine rollout so far has been "a dismal failure". In an evaporating pan of the Repauno works, du Pont Co., 4,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate exploded, possibly caused by a clogged air lance leading to overheating of the nitrate. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Beirut explosion is again a very sad event with disastrous consequences, but it is not a surprise in the sense of a new phenomenon. Yet, ammonium nitrate is available in nearly every garden center, and serves as one of the major fertilizers used throughout the world. Tragically, this … 1.2) Fire and minor blast and/or projection hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard (Div. At 5:12 PM the explosion occurred. But the chemical has a more nefarious use -- as an explosive. 240 tonnes of ammonium nitrate in sacks exploded after being hit by a shell from a nearby fire in a munitions train. The first thing that happens during a fertiliser bomb blast is the explosion of the detonator. They arrived on the scene at 4:23 and started to extinguish the fire. In 1994 McVeigh and his partners purchased 5,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer to illegally create a bomb constructed in a rented van. nitrate nonahydrate", "aluminium nitrate 9-hydrate", "aluminium nitrate 9-hydrate" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Ammonium Nitrate is used by the military around the world as an explosive as well as in terrorist activities like the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, killing 168 people. The blast was heard 45 km away, and registered by the seismographs at the Sodankylä geophysical observatory, over 270 km away. "If there isn't much wind, it could become a danger to the people nearby," says Prof Sella. The explosion, which could be heard at a distance of several kilometers caused a crater five metres deep. In the initial aftermath, the disaster is reported to have … The shockwave is produced from compressed air, he explains. When ammonium nitrate explodes, it can release toxic gases including nitrogen oxides and ammonia gas. "You have a supersonic shockwave that is travelling through the air, and you can see that in the white spherical cloud which travels out from the centre, expanding upwards," says Prof Sella. Fireworks and ammonium nitrate appear to have been the fuel that ignited a massive explosion that rocked the Lebanese capital of Beirut, experts and videos of the blast suggest. "The air expands rapidly and cools suddenly and the water condenses, which causes the cloud," he adds. Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017. Beirut explosion: What caused Beirut explosion? mineral oil have the medium heat of explosion. The explosion was officially announced as an accident. Aluminum nitrate is a salt composed of aluminum and nitric acid, belonging to a group of reactive chemicals - organic nitrate and nitrite compounds. (U.S. Bureau of Mines. This recent tragedy is devastating, and unfortunately, it’s not the first time this dangerous chemical compound has caused widespread damage. Porous ammonium nitrate(V) 91.85 88.71 85.23 Flaked aluminum 3.64 7.27 12.12 Oil FLEX 401 4.51 4.02 2.65 Results and Discussion Content of the explosion toxic products Determination of toxic gases released at the detonation of explosive samples Ammonium Nitrate: The Chemical That Caused the Explosion in Beirut. The ammonium nitrate is like the engine behind the explosion, but it also requires a detonator and fuel. Aluminum nitrate was tried to be dissolved in such substances like water, methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol. AD. Aluminum Nitrate / Molecular model of spheres Aluminum Nitrate / Molecular model beads and rods Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate / Molecular spheres model Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate / Molecular model beads and rods Disasters caused by large‐scale ammonium nitrate (AN) detonations initiated by fires are well known. The Biggest Ammonium Nitrate Explosions since 2000. The mix powder obtained by mixing aluminum powder (ρ=2.7kg/cm3) and ammonium nitrate was used instead of the explosive PETN, and an explosive combustion phenomenon was … It is tragic that calamities with AN … A number of explosions in which ammonium nitrate and aluminum are mixed with carbon, hydrocarbons, with or without oxidizing agents has occurred [Mellor 5:219 1946-47]. 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